During the period of 1930s, the demand put forward by the All-India Muslim League was of forming an Indian federation with provincial autonomy. This was retracted in the Lahore Resolution 1940 when the demand of a separate homeland was put forward by the party.
Mention any THREE reasons that led All India Muslim League to change its stance and move towards the demand of separate homeland.
Answer
Here are three reasons why the All-India Muslim League shifted towards demanding a separate homeland in 1940:
Failure of Hindu-Muslim Unity: The Congress Party’s dominance raised concerns about Muslim political marginalization.
Minority Rights Concerns: The League feared that Muslims wouldn’t be able to safeguard their rights in a Hindu-majority India.
Congress’s Rule (1937-1939): The Congress’s policies were seen as discriminatory, leading the League to seek a separate homeland for Muslim protection.
OR
Failure of Hindu-Muslim Unity: The Muslim League felt the Congress Party didn’t represent Muslim interests, raising concerns about marginalization.
Concerns about Minority Rights: The League feared Muslims couldn’t protect their rights in a Hindu-majority country.
Impact of Congress’s Rule (1937-1939): Congress’s discriminatory policies convinced the League that Muslims needed a separate homeland to preserve their identity.
Question:
In 1047 Pakistan faced two problems
Refugee crisis
Decision of National language
How Pakistan was able to deal with given problems? Discuss
Answer:
In 1947, Pakistan faced two significant problems:
Refugee Crisis: Pakistan experienced a massive influx of refugees following Partition, as millions of Muslims migrated from India. The government set up refugee camps, provided temporary shelters, and offered food and medical care. Additionally, land was allotted to refugees, and resettlement efforts were initiated to integrate them into the economy.
Choosing a National Language: Pakistan chose Urdu as the national language to unite the country, but this upset people in East Pakistan, where Bengali was spoken. Quaid-e-Azam’s visit helped ease tensions, but the issue resurfaced after his death and was resolved in 1956 when Bengali was also recognized as a national language.
OR
Refugee Crisis: After Partition, millions of Muslims moved to Pakistan from India. To help them, the government built refugee camps, provided food, and gave medical care. The government also gave land to many refugees to help them start new lives.
Choosing a National Language: Pakistan chose Urdu as the national language to unite the country, but this upset people in East Pakistan, where Bengali was spoken. Quaid-e-Azam’s visit helped ease tensions, but the issue resurfaced after his death and was resolved in 1956 when Bengali was also recognized as a national language.
Question
Muslims celebrated the Day of Deliverance with great reverence. Do you think the Day of Deliverance should be celebrated? Why or why not?
Answer:
The Day of Deliverance was important for Muslims as it marked freedom from Congress rule, which they saw as oppressive. However, in today’s context, it might be better not to celebrate it to promote national unity and harmony.
Question
Why was the Simla Conference of 1945 marked as a failure?
Answer:
Disagreement on Muslim Representation: The main issue was the disagreement over Muslim representation. The Congress Party refused to accept the Muslim League as the sole representative of Indian Muslims, while the League insisted on this demand.
Veto by the Muslim League: The Muslim League, led by Jinnah, rejected any proposals that included Muslim representatives from Congress or other parties, leading to a deadlock.
No Consensus on Power-Sharing: The lack of consensus between Congress, the Muslim League, and the British government on how to form an interim government caused the conference to end without any agreement.
OR
Disagreement on Muslim Representation: The Congress Party would not accept the Muslim League as the sole representative of Muslims, while the League demanded it.
Veto by the Muslim League: The League, led by Jinnah, rejected proposals involving Muslim representatives from Congress, leading to a deadlock.
No Consensus on Power-Sharing: The lack of agreement on forming an interim government between Congress, the Muslim League, and the British caused the conference to fail.
Question
The decisions made by the Boundary Commission were the root cause of many problems of Pakistan as a newly born state. Analyze this statement.
Answer:
The Boundary Commission’s decisions in 1947 led to several issues for Pakistan:
Unfair Division: The arbitrary division of Punjab and Bengal left important Muslim-majority areas, like Gurdaspur, in India, fueling disputes and tensions over Kashmir.
Refugee Crisis: The boundary decisions triggered massive migrations, creating a humanitarian crisis in Pakistan due to the influx of refugees.
Border Disputes: The unclear boundary lines led to disputes and violence, intensifying long-term conflicts, especially over Kashmir.
