PAK-STUDIES NOTES-GRADE 9th

Chapter # 4 – Land, Climate and Environment of Pakistan

4.2.   The Natural Topography

4.2.1. Locate the Following Landform Features of Pakistan.

• Plains: Upper Indus, Lower Indus

• Desert: Thar, Thal, Kharan

• Mountain Ranges: Hindukush, Karakoram, Himalayan, Sulaiman Range, Safed Koh, Kirthar, Waziristan, Salt Range

• Plateau: Potohar and Baluchistan

• Coastal areas: Karachi, Makran Coast (Baluchistan)

• Rivers: Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Kabul, Hab, Dasht.

Plains:

• Upper Indus Plains: Located in the northern part of Pakistan, surrounding the upper course of the Indus River.
• Lower Indus Plains: Situated in the southern part of Pakistan, encompassing the lower course of the Indus River.

Deserts:

• Thar Desert: Located in southeastern Pakistan, extending into India.
• Thal Desert: Situated in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
• Kharan Desert: Located in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Mountain Ranges:

• Hindukush Range: In the northern and western regions of Pakistan.
• Karakoram Range: Extending across the northern part of Pakistan, including some of the world’s highest peaks.
• Himalayan Range: Found in the northeastern part of Pakistan, forming the northern border with India.
• Sulaiman Range: Located in the western part of Pakistan, running parallel to the Indus River.
• Safed Koh Range: Situated in the northwestern part of Pakistan.
• Kirthar Range: Running along the western border of Pakistan.
• Waziristan Hills: Located in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan.
• Salt Range: Located in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

Plateaus:

• Potohar Plateau: In the Punjab province, adjacent to the Salt Range.
• Baluchistan Plateau: In the southwestern part of Pakistan, covering much of Balochistan province.

Coastal areas:

• Karachi: Major city and port located along the Arabian Sea coast in southern Pakistan.
• Makran Coast (Baluchistan): The coastal region along the Arabian Sea in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.

Rivers:

• Indus River: Flows through the length of Pakistan, originating in the Tibetan Plateau and emptying into the Arabian Sea.
• Jhelum River: One of the five rivers of Punjab, originating from the Himalayas and joining the Indus River.
• Chenab River: Another of the five rivers of Punjab, formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers in India and joining the Indus River.
• Ravi River: One of the five rivers of Punjab, originating from the Himalayas and joining the Chenab River.
• Sutlej River: One of the five rivers of Punjab, originating in Tibet and joining the Indus River in Pakistan.
• Kabul River: Originating in Afghanistan and flowing into Pakistan, joining the Indus River.
• Hab River: Flows through Balochistan province in Pakistan.
• Dasht River: Located in Balochistan province, Pakistan.