Sociological Theories (Ibn-i-Khaldun, Spencer, Max Weber, Karl Marx) – MCQs

According to Marxism, what is the primary cause of alienation in capitalist societies?

A) Lack of social mobility

B) Economic inequality

C) Division of labor

D) Political repression

What does Marxism believe about economic systems in societies?

A) They are static and unchanging

B) They go through stages of development

C) They are determined by cultural factors

D) They are irrelevant to social structures

What is the term used to describe the highest stage of communism according to Marx?

A) Early communal societies

B) Advanced communism

C) Feudalism

D) Capitalist society

What is the economic basis supporting bourgeoisie exploitation, according to Marxism?

A) Ownership of the means of production

B) Labor unions

C) Government regulations

D) Technological advancement

What is the primary conflict in Marxism?

A) Conflict between nations

B) Conflict between social classes

C) Conflict between religions

D) Conflict between genders

What is the primary criticism of Marxism?

A) Its lack of empirical evidence

B) Its oversimplification of economic systems

C) Its failure to predict socialist revolutions

D) Its focus on cultural factors

What is the philosophical approach to culture that seeks to confront the social, historical, and ideological forces of power?

A) Critical theory

B) Postmodernism

C) Structuralism

D) Functionalism

What is the term used to describe the method of using scientific, systematic, and objective methods in Marxism?

A) Marxist philosophy

B) Marxist method

C) Critical theory

D) False consciousness

How does Marxism view the role of capitalists in achieving profit?

A) Through fair competition

B) By exploiting the labor of workers

C) By investing in technology

D) Through government subsidies

What is the primary focus of Marxism in sociology?

A) Cultural analysis

B) Socioeconomic analysis

C) Political analysis

D) Historical analysis