Why is the Objectives Resolution of 1949 considered to be the most important document in the constitutional history of Pakistan?
The Objectives Resolution of 1949 is considered the most important document in Pakistan’s constitutional history for the following reasons:
I. Foundation for Constitution: It laid the groundwork for Pakistan’s future constitutions by defining the principles of governance and establishing the basis for a democratic and Islamic state.
II. Guiding Principles: The resolution outlined the core principles of sovereignty, democracy, and Islamic values, guiding the development of Pakistan’s legal and political framework.
III. State Ideology: It affirmed Pakistan’s commitment to an Islamic framework while ensuring protection of minority rights, shaping the country’s identity and legal system
Question
After the Eighteenth Amendment in the Pakistan’s Constitution of 1973, the portfolio of education has been moved from federal government to provincial governments. However, higher education is still controlled by the federal government.
What TWO possible problems can arise due to the given situation?
Answer
Coordination Issues: With education managed at the provincial level but higher education controlled federally, there may be a lack of coordination and consistency between primary, secondary, and higher education policies, leading to fragmented educational standards and practices.
Resource Allocation Discrepancies: Provinces may face challenges in managing their educational resources effectively if they lack control over higher education, potentially leading to disparities in the quality of higher education across different regions and difficulty in addressing local needs and priorities.
OR
Coordination Issues: Dividing education between federal and provincial levels can create inconsistencies and fragmented policies.
Resource Allocation Discrepancies: Provinces may struggle with managing resources, leading to regional disparities in higher education quality.
Question
As a state, has Pakistan been able to implement the rights given in the constitution of Pakistan, 1973?
Give any FIVE reasons to support your stance.
Answer
Pakistan has faced challenges in fully implementing the rights given in the 1973 Constitution. Here are five reasons:
I. Political Instability: Frequent changes in government and political turmoil have disrupted consistent implementation of constitutional rights.
II. Judicial Weaknesses: Delays, inefficiencies, and corruption within the judicial system hinder effective enforcement of constitutional rights.
III. Bureaucratic Inefficiencies: Corruption and inefficiencies within the bureaucracy obstruct the proper implementation of constitutional provisions.
IV. Economic Constraints: Limited resources and economic challenges impact the government’s ability to fully provide for rights such as education and health.
V. Regional Disparities: Unequal development and administrative capacities between regions result in uneven implementation of constitutional rights.
Question
Mention in THREE points the importance of the Objectives Resolution 1949 in the constitutional history of Pakistan
Answer
I. Hope for a Constitution: The Objectives Resolution gave people confidence that a constitution would soon be created after a period of uncertainty.
II. Guiding Future Constitutions: It set the basic rules for future constitutions, including those of 1956, 1962, and the current 1973 Constitution.
III. Islamic Laws in Governance: It called for Islamic principles to be part of the legal system while also protecting democratic rights, helping Pakistan present itself as a moderate Islamic state.
IV. National Identity: It helped define Pakistan’s national identity by outlining key principles that united its diverse population.
Question
In 2010, the 18th amendment in the constitution of Pakistan gave the right of education to the masses. Do you think this right is being enjoyed by all the citizens of Pakistan thirteen years later? Justify your answer by giving FIVE valid reasons.
Answer
No, the right to education given by the 18th Amendment is not fully enjoyed by all citizens of Pakistan. Here are five reasons:
I. Limited Access: Many areas, especially rural and underdeveloped regions, still lack sufficient schools and educational facilities, making it hard for all children to attend school.
II. Quality of Education: Even where schools are available, the quality of education can be poor due to outdated teaching methods, lack of resources, and inadequate training for teachers.
III. Economic Barriers: Many families cannot afford the costs related to education, such as uniforms, books, and transportation, leading to high dropout rates among students from low-income backgrounds.
IV. Gender Disparities: Girls in some regions face cultural and social barriers that prevent them from attending school, contributing to lower educational attainment for women compared to men.
V. Government Implementation Issues: There are often challenges with the effective implementation of educational policies due to bureaucratic inefficiencies, corruption, and lack of proper oversight and accountability.
