Pakistan has been able to promote equal rights for all of its citizens. Do you agree or disagree with the given statement? Justify your answer with the help of TWO reasons
Answer
Disagree: Pakistan has struggled to promote equal rights for all its citizens due to the following reasons:
I. Discrimination: Marginalized groups, including religious minorities and women, frequently face discrimination and unequal treatment, impacting their access to rights and opportunities.
II. Regional Inequality: Significant disparities in resources and development across regions result in uneven access to essential services like education and healthcare, undermining the goal of equal rights for all citizens.
Question
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) failed to achieve its immediate objectives but it left lasting impact on the politics of the subcontinent. Explain any THREE benefits reaped by the Indian Muslims from the Khilafat Movement in the long run.
Answer
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) failed to achieve its immediate goals but had lasting benefits for Indian Muslims:
I. Political Awakening: The movement stimulated Indian Muslims, raising political consciousness and involvement. It marked a significant step toward organized political activism and set the stage for future movements.
II. Strengthening Muslim Unity: The Khilafat Movement fostered a sense of unity among Muslims across the subcontinent. This solidarity helped in the formation of the All India Muslim League and laid the foundation for collective political efforts.
III. Foundation for Future Movements: The movement highlighted the need for Muslim political representation and contributed to the shaping of Muslim political demands. It influenced subsequent political strategies and demands for a separate nation.
OR
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) had lasting benefits for Indian Muslims:
I. Political Awakening: It increased political awareness and activism among Muslims.
II. Muslim Unity: It promoted unity across the subcontinent, aiding the formation of the All India Muslim League.
III. Foundation for Future Movements: It set the stage for future political demands and strategies for a separate nation.
Question
Aligarh Movement in the 19th and 20th century was termed as a renaissance for the Muslims of the subcontinent. This movement paved the way towards the idea of an independent state and later to the formation of Pakistan.
Explain any TWO contributions of the Movement towards Pakistan Movement.
Answer
The Aligarh Movement made significant contributions to the Pakistan Movement in the following ways
I. Promotion of Modern Education: Sir Syed Ahmed Khan’s Aligarh Movement focused on modern education and set up schools like Aligarh Muslim University. This helped create educated Muslim leaders who supported the idea of a separate Muslim state.
II. Political Awareness and Unity: The movement raised political awareness and united Muslims by stressing the need for reforms. This led to the formation of the All India Muslim League and the push for a separate Muslim homeland, which eventually became Pakistan.
Question
Partition of India in the late summer and early autumn of 1947 was one of bloodiest episodes in British imperial history.
In light of the given statement, evaluate any THREE impacts of Boundary Commission on the people of the subcontinent
Answer
The Boundary Commission’s decisions during the Partition of India had significant impacts:
I. Massive Migration: The division led to a huge movement of people as Muslims moved to Pakistan and Hindus and Sikhs moved to India. This migration caused great suffering, including violence, loss of property, and family separations.
II. Communal Violence: The unclear and rushed boundary lines sparked violence between different communities. This led to riots and conflicts in areas where the borders divided religious groups.
III. Disputed Territories: The commission’s decisions left some important areas, like Kashmir, disputed. This created long-lasting conflicts between India and Pakistan over these regions.
Question
The Aligarh Movement was a valuable service rendered by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and his colleagues
for the renaissance of the Muslims of the subcontinent.
Describe any FOUR steps taken by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan at the start of this movement.
Answer
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan took several important steps at the beginning of the Aligarh Movement to uplift the Muslims of the subcontinent.
I. Educational Reforms: Sir Syed emphasized modern education for Muslims, believing that they needed to learn English and Western sciences to progress. He established the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, which later became Aligarh Muslim University.
II. Scientific Society: He set up the Scientific Society in 1864 to translate important English books into Urdu. This helped Muslims access modern knowledge in their own language and encouraged learning.
III. Loyalty to the British: After the War of Independence in 1857, Sir Syed urged Muslims to be loyal to the British rulers. He believed this would help Muslims get better opportunities in education and government jobs.
IV. Writings and Speeches: Sir Syed wrote books and gave speeches to convince Muslims to adopt modern education and avoid opposing the British government. His efforts focused on promoting unity and progress among Muslims.
