Chapter # 8 – Political Development in Pakistan 1947-2002

8.6   Restoration of Civilian Rule (1988-1999

8.6.2   Discuss the Reforms Introduced by Benazir Bhutto and their Impact on the Country i.e. Women Empowerment and Rural Electrification.

The reforms introduced by Benazir Bhutto and their impact on the country i.e. Women empowerment and rural electrification.

Define Empowerment

Empowerment involves enhancing access to opportunities, resources, and skills, enabling individuals to make independent decisions and choices in both personal and collective aspects of life.

Define Women empowerment

Women empowerment is the process of granting women the resources, opportunities, and autonomy to make independent choices and achieve their full potential, thereby enabling them to participate actively in social, economic, and political spheres on equal terms with men.

Women Empowerment:

1. First Women Bank: Benazir Bhutto’s government established the First Women Bank in Pakistan. This financial institution aimed to empower women by providing them access to banking services and credit facilities. https://fwbl.com.pk/

1. Women’s Police Stations: In 1993, Benazir Bhutto introduced the concept of women’s police stations. These specialized stations were instrumental in addressing violence against women, including cases of acid attacks, domestic violence, and workplace harassment. They encouraged women to report such incidents and seek justice.
2. First Woman Judge: Justice Majida Rizvi became the first woman judge of a high court during Benazir Bhutto’s tenure. This milestone shattered gender barriers and paved the way for more women to enter the judiciary.
3. Lady Health Workers Program: Benazir initiated this program in 1993 to promote awareness about female health, primary care, and family planning. Lady health workers played a crucial role in rural and urban areas, empowering both themselves and the communities they served.
4. Ministry for Women: Benazir Bhutto established the Ministry for Women, which continues to address women’s issues in Pakistan. https://ncsw.gov.pk/

Impact:

• Improved Status: These reforms elevated the status of women, enabling them to pursue education and participate in various sectors of national life.
• Reporting of Violence: Women’s police stations facilitated reporting of violence against women, breaking taboos and empowering victims to seek justice.
• Economic and Social Empowerment: Programs like the Lady Health Workers Program created job opportunities for women, particularly in conservative regions where female mobility was limited. These initiatives not only provided financial independence but also enhanced women’s skills and confidence, leading to overall empowerment.

Rural Electrification:

Energy Generation and Conservation: Bhutto’s government launched Pakistan’s first and largest energy program in 1994, aiming to generate and conserve energy. Partnership with Independent Power Producers (IPPs) led to the production of 13,000 MW of electricity in Pakistan.

Utilization of Diverse Energy Resources: Bhutto’s energy policy focused on utilizing Pakistan’s diverse energy resources, with an emphasis on hydel, thermal, and nuclear power generation.

Impact of Rural Electrification:

• Mechanization of Farming: Rural electrification led to the mechanization of agriculture. Farmers gained access to electric tools and machinery, improving productivity.
• Reduced Fossil Fuel Use: Electricity replaced traditional fuels (such as kerosene and wood) for lighting and cooking, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
• Kitchen Technology: Rural households benefited from electric appliances like stoves, refrigerators, and fans, enhancing their quality of life.
• Employment Opportunities: The electrification drives generated employment in the energy sector and related industries.
• Facility for Students: Schools and educational institutions in rural areas gained access to electricity, enabling better learning environments.