Chapter # 8 – Political Development in Pakistan 1947-2002

8.8.   2007 and Beyond

8.8.1   Elaborate Different Political Developments Aimed Towards Strengthening Democracy in the Country.

Introduction:

The period from 2007 onwards marked a critical phase in Pakistan’s democratic journey, characterized by significant political developments aimed at strengthening democratic institutions and processes. Following the end of military rule in 2008, Pakistan witnessed a series of events that shaped its democratic landscape, including constitutional reforms, electoral advancements, and efforts to promote political stability and governance. This essay aims to delve into the various political developments from 2007 onwards, highlighting initiatives aimed at consolidating democracy and fostering a culture of accountability and transparency in the country. By examining key events and measures undertaken during this period, we gain insights into the challenges and progress made in advancing democratic principles in Pakistan.

1. Transition from Military Rule to Democratic Governance: One of the significant political developments was the transition from military rule under General Pervez Musharraf to democratic governance. Musharraf’s resignation in 2008 marked the end of military dictatorship and paved the way for democratic political processes.
2. Conduct of Free and Fair Elections: The paper highlights the 2008 elections as having no serious allegations of rigging, indicating progress towards free and fair elections. The fact that the ruling party, Pakistan Muslim League Quaid-e-Azam (PMLQ), lost despite military support demonstrated a shift towards a more democratic electoral process.
3. Establishment of Coalition Government: The formation of a coalition government led by the Pakistan Peoples’ Party Parliamentarian (PPPP) in 2008 showcased political cooperation among different parties. This coalition government, comprising various political parties, worked together to address national issues and promote democratic norms.
4. Political Participation and Vibrant Media: The period saw increased political participation and the emergence of a vibrant media landscape. The expansion of private electronic media provided a platform for political discourse and public engagement, contributing to the democratization process.
5. Media Freedom: The period saw greater media freedom and expansion of the private electronic media sector. The emergence of independent news channels provided a platform for political debate, criticism, and public engagement, contributing to greater transparency and accountability in governance.
6. Lawyer’s Movement and Restoration of Judiciary: Judicial activism played a crucial role in strengthening democracy by restoring the independence of the judiciary. One of the most significant events was the Lawyer’s Movement that began in 2007, demanding the restoration of an independent judiciary. This movement gained momentum after the dismissal of Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry by President Pervez Musharraf. The protests and demonstrations led to the reinstatement of Chief Justice Chaudhry and other deposed judges in 2009, restoring the judiciary’s independence and strengthening the rule of law.
7. Devolution of Power: Efforts were made to devolve power to the grassroots level through decentralization and local government reforms. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, passed in 2010, decentralized authority to the provinces and strengthened their autonomy, leading to more effective governance and representation.
8. 2010 18th Amendment: The passage of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution in 2010 brought about significant changes aimed at decentralizing power and strengthening democracy. It restored the parliamentary system, reduced the powers of the president, increased provincial autonomy, and enhanced the role of the prime minister and parliament.
9. Smooth Transfer of Power: The peaceful transfer of power after the 2013 elections demonstrated democratic continuity and stability. Despite some reservations about election results, the acceptance of outcomes by political parties contributed to the consolidation of democratic practices.
10. Civil Society Activism: Civil society organizations played an active role in advocating for democratic rights, social justice, and accountability. Movements such as the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement (PTM) and the Aurat March highlighted issues of marginalized communities and demanded reforms to address systemic injustices.
11. 2018 General Elections: The general elections held in July 2018 marked another significant milestone in Pakistan’s democratic journey. The elections saw a peaceful transition of power from one civilian government to another, reinforcing the democratic process. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) emerged as the largest party and formed the government with Imran Khan as the Prime Minister.
12. Women’s Empowerment: Efforts were made to promote women’s participation in politics and decision-making roles. The government introduced legislation to enhance women’s political representation, protect their rights, and address issues such as gender-based violence and discrimination.
13. Youth Engagement: Initiatives were launched to engage youth in political processes and civic activities. Programs such as youth councils, leadership training workshops, and awareness campaigns aimed to empower young people to become active citizens and contribute to democratic governance.
14. Balochistan Development: Special attention was given to the development of Balochistan province, addressing long-standing grievances and promoting economic growth and social inclusion. Measures such as infrastructure projects, job creation programs, and increased federal funding aimed to improve the livelihoods of people in Balochistan and strengthen national unity.
15. Regional Cooperation: Efforts were made to enhance regional cooperation and diplomacy, fostering peace and stability in the region. Pakistan engaged in diplomatic initiatives with neighboring countries and international partners to address regional security challenges, promote trade and economic cooperation, and resolve conflicts through dialogue and negotiation.

Conclusion

The period from 2007 saw pivotal political developments aimed at fortifying democracy in Pakistan. Transitioning from military rule, conducting free and fair elections, and establishing a coalition government marked significant milestones. The restoration of judiciary independence through the Lawyer’s Movement and the passage of key legislation like the 18th Amendment were crucial for democratic consolidation.

Furthermore, a vibrant media landscape, increased political participation, and civil society activism contributed to democratic maturation. Initiatives promoting women’s empowerment, youth engagement, and regional cooperation underscored the commitment to inclusive governance.

Despite challenges, Pakistan has made substantial progress. Sustained efforts in upholding the rule of law, protecting human rights, and enhancing transparency are vital for democratic resilience. By building on past achievements and addressing remaining challenges, Pakistan can continue its journey towards a more stable, prosperous, and democratic future.