Chapter # 10 – Pakistan in World Affairs

10.2 Pakistan’s Relations with the World

10.2.1. Describe Pakistan’s Relationship with China, USA, Saudi Arabia, Iran and India with Reference to Strengths and Issues.

Pakistan’s relationship with China with reference to strengths and issues:

Introduction

The relationship between Pakistan and China is characterized by a longstanding friendship, marked by close cooperation and mutual support over the span of seven decades. Anchored by economic collaboration through initiatives like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), both nations have strengthened ties through high-level engagements and strategic partnerships. However, amidst the strengths of this relationship lie various issues, including domestic reservations, geopolitical pressures, and challenges in communication. This article delves into the strengths and issues defining the Pakistan-China relationship, highlighting the need for clarity and concerted efforts to navigate complexities and further reinforce this important alliance.

Strengths:

1. Long-standing Friendship: Pakistan and China have maintained close, cooperative, and friendly ties for over seven decades. This relationship is often described as an “all-weather” friendship, indicating its resilience and depth.
2. Economic Cooperation: The cornerstone of the Pakistan-China relationship is economic cooperation, particularly highlighted through the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This includes infrastructure, energy, and industrial development projects aimed at boosting Pakistan’s economy.
3. Strategic Partnership: Both countries consider each other strategic partners, with China occupying a central place in Pakistan’s foreign policy. There is a mutual understanding of safeguarding each other’s national interests.
4. High-level Engagements: The exchange of high-level visits, including those of the leaders, foreign ministers, and military officials, reflects the depth of engagement between the two countries. These visits serve to strengthen ties and address any issues of concern.
5. Mutual Support in Times of Crisis: Pakistan has shown solidarity and support to China during times of crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, while China has provided assistance and support to Pakistan in various forms, including medical supplies and economic aid.

Issues:

1. Domestic Reservations and Criticism: There have been reservations within Pakistan regarding certain aspects of the CPEC projects, particularly from provinces like Balochistan. Additionally, negative media propaganda and criticism from Western and Indian sources, including challenges to the credibility of CPEC projects, have created doubts.
2. Xinjiang Uighur Muslims Issue: Pakistan’s stance on the mistreatment of Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang has drawn criticism and raised concerns domestically and internationally. While some Pakistani officials have expressed concerns about the situation, others have refrained from taking a strong stance, citing reasons such as diplomatic considerations and China’s support during difficult times.
3. Geopolitical Pressures: Both Pakistan and China face geopolitical pressures, particularly from countries like the US and India, which have formed strategic partnerships opposing their interests. Maneuvering through these pressures while maintaining the integrity of their relationship poses challenges.
4. Communication and Clarity: There is a need for clearer communication and consistency in Pakistan’s approach towards addressing issues in the Pakistan-China relationship, especially regarding sensitive matters like the treatment of Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang.

Conclusion

The Pakistan-China relationship stands as a testament to enduring friendship and strategic cooperation, characterized by economic collaboration, high-level engagements, and mutual support. Despite its strengths, the relationship faces challenges such as domestic reservations, geopolitical pressures, and communication issues. Addressing these challenges will be crucial in sustaining and enhancing the partnership between Pakistan and China. By fostering clearer communication, navigating geopolitical complexities, and addressing concerns such as the treatment of Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang, both nations can further solidify their bond and continue to reap the benefits of their strategic alliance. Ultimately, the Pakistan-China relationship remains a cornerstone of regional stability and economic development, poised to withstand the tests of time and emerge stronger in the face of adversity.